The Borobudur Temple in Supporting Internationalization Indonesian Language: A Form of Soft Power Diplomacy Indonesian Language Learning Program for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) in Thailand

This study aims to examine how Borobudur Temple can serve as a soft power instrument in strengthening Indonesia's cultural diplomacy through the BIPA (Indonesian Language for Foreign Speakers) program at three universities in Thailand: Thammasat University, Fatoni University, and Chiang Mai University. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the research draws on participatory observation, semi-structured interviews with BIPA lecturers and students, and document analysis of relevant teaching materials. The findings indicate that the integration of Borobudur Temple’s cultural and historical narratives into the BIPA curriculum significantly enhances students’ motivation to learn the Indonesian language. The temple, as a UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the most iconic representations of Indonesia's classical civilization, becomes a powerful pedagogical tool. It facilitates not only language acquisition but also fosters intercultural dialogue, global awareness, and emotional engagement with Indonesian culture. Moreover, the presence of Borobudur in learning materials encourages students to explore broader aspects of Indonesia's historical, religious, and artistic traditions, thereby reinforcing their appreciation of the country beyond language. This approach contributes to the soft power strategy of Indonesia by shaping positive perceptions among international students, promoting cultural empathy, and indirectly supporting national branding. In conclusion, this article underscores that cultural icons such as Borobudur Temple play a strategic role in the internationalization of the Indonesian language and culture. By embedding Borobudur's cultural values into BIPA programs, particularly in foreign academic institutions, Indonesia is not only fostering language education but also diplomatically projecting itself as a nation with profound cultural heritage. This finding highlights the potential for further integrating cultural diplomacy into language education as a means to enhance Indonesia’s soft power on the global stage.